2 thoughts on “What is the common sponge in life?”

  1. Most of the sponge animals are produced in seawater, and a few live in fresh water, named after the softened body. It does not swim, but can only lie down the sea throughout the year, and it is fixed in place like plants. The shape of sponge animals is in a variety of postures, with sheets, blocks, ball -shaped, fan -shaped, tubes, bottle -shaped, pots, branches -like, and has a lot of attitude. For example, the white -branched sponge is a flat pipe -like group. The sponge is like a round coriander, and the dwarf sponge is like a string of delicate lanterns. Paper, Lao Lao Tong acupoints are called "Venus's Flower Basket". Interestingly, the size of the water flow rate, the strength of the wavy activity, and the hardness of the bottom quality often make the sponge of the same species have different external forms. For example On the rocks, it looks like thin eggplant or ginger skin; most of the living in the rush environment is like a pier, with a good streamlined body shape; and inhabited in a slowdown or calm environment, the body shape is mostly present. Towering chimney.

    The color of sponge animals is different, there are various colors such as red, fresh green, brown yellow, milky white, purple, etc., which are as beautiful as flowers. Therefore, people have always believed that it is a plant. Until 1825, with the invention and use of microscope, and the work of physiology and embryonic, scientists determined that it was an animal. In fact, the color of sponge animals comes from symbiotic algae or non -active storage pigment. For example, green is because of its symbiotic green worm green algae, and red, yellow, orange, etc. Jiemate, its existence can produce various colors. Because there are many small holes in its body wall, it seems to be a foam plastic, so it is also called porous animals, which is the lowest group of polymorrhoid animals.

    The body wall of sponge animals consists of two layers of cells in the inner and outer layer of cells. The outer cells are flat, and the inner cells have long whipped. Most of them are primary collar, also known as "collar cells". In the two layers of cells inside and outside, there is also a layer of middle rubber layer, including free cells, germ cells, bone cells, sponge cells, and so on. They only have the difference between structure and function and no organizational differentiation. The water pores pass in the body, and the whipped chamber composed of the cells and the outlet at the top of the body forms a complex channel system unique to sponge animals.

    Art cavernous animals to get food? Its predation method is very strange and uses a filtering method. The single sponge is like a vase, and every small hole on the bottle wall is a "mouth". Sponge animals continue to infiltrate the bottle cavity from these small holes and enter the body by continuously vibrating the whipping of the body wall. There are countless whip hair cells on the inner wall of the "bottle", which fluctuates from the base to the top to spiral, thereby generating gravitational gravity in the same direction, and it plays a pumping effect similar to a pumping machine. When the seawater is infiltrated from the wall of the bottle, the nutrients in the water, such as the dandruff, algae, bacteria, etc., are captured by the collar whip hair cells. After digestion and absorption, those non -digestive things flowed out of the body with the water outlet. If the graphite or a few drops of ink drip on the side of the live sponge animals raised in the aquarium, it won't be long before the bottle (outlet) will flow out of black fine stream. With the stream of water flow, bacteria, diatoms, native animals or organic debris are also carried into the body to capture nutrition for collar cells. This method of feeding fully proves that it belongs to the isoprene animal that is filtered.

    The flagella swing is energy consuming. For the sponge animals that are living in life, it is not easy to obtain chemistry from food. Therefore, sponge animals always live on the bottom of the sea flowing through the current. During the evolution of millions of years, a set of ability to use natural fluid liquidity can save valuable food chemistry. A sponge 10 cm high and 1 cm in diameter, 22.5 liters of seawater in a day, and the water flow speed at the outlet can reach 5 meters / s. This high -speed leaving water ensures that the waste discharged from the body is no longer "returning". Sponge animals have the ability to filter food and energy saving, so that they can reproduce for generations in the lack of nutritious tropical coral reefs.

    The reproductive method of sponge animals is similar to other multi -cell animals, and it is also the development stage of oval cells and blastocysts after fertilization. But amazing is that sponge animals have extraordinary regeneration capabilities. It is more capable of regenerating the regeneration capacity of animals such as the seafront that can grow new intestines after the intestines can grow new intestines. Some sponge animals are grinded into powder and then screened, which have become very thin and fine particles, but they still have tenacious vitality. After throwing them into the sea, not only will they not die, but every small piece will gradually grow longer. Big, it has become a new sponge animal. This situation is like Sun Wukong's slightest hair will become hundreds of thousands of little Sun Wukong. Some people have also put two sponge animals of different colors together, squeezed and sieved, filtered, and separated cells that have been filtered. Under suitable conditions, they continued to grow into two new individuals. This experiment shows that although the cells of sponge animals are differentiated, they are still at a low stage.

    . Although sponge animals are the simplest categories of multi -cell animals, there is a huge family with a species of more than 10,000, accounting for 1/15 of all marine animals. Because the body wall of the sponge animal has supportive needle -shaped skeletons, called bone needles. Usually, according to the nature of the bone needle, it can be divided into two categories: calcium sponge and non -calcium sponge. The largest sponge animal was one of the one that was harvested in the Bahamas in 1909. It was 183 cm in length, 40 kg of water weighed, and more than 5,000 grams after drying. In addition, a sponge animal lived in the Leez Islands, 106 cm long and 91.5 cm wide. Neptune sponge is also a larger type. The section has a length of 120 cm, but it is not too wide. The smallest type is the white -branched sponge, which is only 3 mm tall and weighs only a few grams, as small as a sesame. The life of sponge animals is also relatively long, and some types are said to live for hundreds of years.

    The sponge animals are always alone in a single shadow. There are few other animals to live in where sponge animals live in. The reason for the formation of this phenomenon of scientists is that the sponge animals are not attractive to those gluttonous animals. Its bone needles and fibers make it difficult for other animals to swallow, so there are not many natural enemies of sponge animals. Secondly, most of the sponge animals inhabit the bottom of the sea flow, and many animals are difficult to live in such an environment. Because there, their larvae may be washed away by the water or was filtered by sponge animals. In addition, sponge animals usually have a bad smell, which may be one of the reasons why other animals are unwilling to do.

    The ancient Greeks, the ancient Romans, and the ancient working people of my country knew and collected sponge animals for a long time, especially bathing sponges, fine mesh, strong elasticity, good water absorption, can be used for bathing and rubbing Body, washing dishes, etc., later showed more and more extensive uses of craftsmanship, medicine and daily life, such as paint brush, used as a pad for steel helmets and other mats, and burning ash can treat foot pain. In the Mediterranean, the Red Sea, and the Americas, the artificial breeding sponge zoos is very developed. People cut the sponge into pieces, tied it on the shelf with a rope, and put them into the sea. However, with the development of the artificial sponge industry, the sponge animal breeding industry has become increasingly declining. However, with the continuous development of science and technology, people have discovered the new value of sponge animals. For example, some people are studying the use of sponges to purify seawater to achieve the purpose of maintaining the ecological balance of the marine environment.
    Reference materials:/dwly/dwsy/k0925-03

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